Thread and process of forming same.



E. OLAVIEZ. THREAD AND PROCESS OF FORMING SAME.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 12, 1909.

Patented July 25, 1911.

IZ Z w a pm r m w @W J y m M u! EMIL CLAVIEZ, 0F ADORF, GERMANY.

THREAD AND PROCESS OF FORMING SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 25, 1911.

Original application filed January 27, 1909, Serial No. 474,595. Dividedand this application filed November 12, 1909. Serial No. 527,595.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMIL. CLAVIEZ, a subject of the King of Saxony,residing in the city of Adorf, in Vogtland, Kingdom of Saxony, GermanEmpire, have invented new and useful Improvements in Thread and Processof Forming Same, of which the following is a specification. 4

This invention relates to thread and process of forming the same,comprising a paper portion and a fleece portion secured together, thepresent case being divided out from an application filed January 27,1909, Serial Number 474,595, entitled Manufacture of paper and the like.

Threads have heretofore been formed by twisting together strips of paperand fibrous yarn, in some instances with the paper twisted to form acore and the yarn laid upon the outside andthen twisted with the paper,in other instances the reverse practice has been followed, in otherinstances the twisted paper and the twisted yarn have been twistedtogether to form a two-cord thread of paper and yarn. In all theseinstances the components of the resultant product are not intimatelyunited but only assembled in contiguity. The result is that said threadsare relatively low in elasticity, pliability and strength.

One object of my improvements is to produce a thread more or less freefrom the above objections and which can therefore be twisted intorelatively fine threads suitable for textile use.

A further object of my improvements is to furnish a thread having a bodyportion comprising paper and fleece secured together over the whole ofone surface of said paper and having a complete and uniform coveringportion of fleece alone. This resultant prod not is particularly usefuland efliclent 1n the production of woven fabrics WhlCh can be cheaplymade and in which are-combined strength and closeness of weave. With myimproved thread having a surround ng cov: ering of fleece securelyunited the paper portion it is possible with a relatlvely coarse weaveto produce a close and felt-like fab ric. .Such fabric is particularlyuseful, for instance, in the manufacture of containers for finelydivided or powdered products.

A further object of my improvements is to produce a duplex web of paperand fleece which can be divided into strips for twisting into threads,wherein the fleece is of relatively low grade or waste fiber which wouldbe unsuitable for spinning separately into yarns for twisting with paperas heretofore practiced. Furthermore the labor and waste of pretwistingthe fiber into yarn is eliminated even if it could be. done with so lowgrade fiber. Such low grade fiber is however highly eiiicient whenapplied to the paper web and then made into threads in accordance withmy improvements.

To these ends my improvements comprise first the securing to one side ofa paper web a fibrous fleece whereby the paper is exposed on one surfaceand the fiber on the other surface of the duplex web thus formed,second, dividing said duplex web into strips and finally forming saidstrips into threads.

My improved process and product may be best understood in connectionwith the accompanying drawing wherein Figure 1 is a diagrammatic,longitudinal sectional view of one embodiment of the first step in myprocess. Fig. 2 is a modification thereof. F 1g. 3 is a cross section ofa strip corresponding with Fig. 1 and Fig. L is a cross section of astrip corresponding with Fig. 2. Figs. 5' and 6 are cross sections ofcompleted threads twisted from the strips of Figs. 3 and 4 respectively.Fig. 7 is a side view of a portion of completed thread. Fig. 8 is a planview of a portion of woven fabric made from my improved threads-Referring now particularly to Fig. 1, 2 represents the traveling screenof a paper machine having a web of paper pulp 3 thereon, and thereabovea fleece 4 is delivered onto said pulp web. at the same speed of travelas that of said web. The softness of said pulp web 3 permits theembedding therein and intimate intermingling therewith of the engagingface portions of said fleece and as the duplex webthus formed passesunder roller 5 its two elements 3, 4 are squeezed together and into eachother whereby their union is strengthened and fixed. The duplex web isthendried and finished by some well known means, not shown.

In the modification of Fig. 2 a web of paper 6 previously prepared isfed in the direction of its arrow and onto its upper face is fed fromsome suitable source of supply, as reservoir 7 a film of adhesive 8, ofpreferably the same: width as said web.

Then a fleece 4 is delivered'onto said 'ad hesive covered face of saidpa er web 6 and the duplex web thus formed is then passed under roller 5whereby the component parts are squeezed together and then allowed todry. In this modification it is not necessary that said fleece and saidpaper travel at exactly the same speed at their point of meeting as isthe case in the arrangement of Fig. 1 where the fleece is delivered to asoft and frail pulp. It is desirable however in the modification of Fig.2 that the fleece be delivered at approximately the same speed as thatof the travel of the paper so that the fleece will not be pulled apartby traveling too slow or wrinkled by traveling too fast.

The fleece for use in my improved process and product may be produced byan well known means such as a card and I re erably employ a fleecewherein the genera direction of the fiber is lengthwise thereof so as toprovide lengthwise strength and lay to the threads similar to thatproduced in yarns by spinning, then when a fleece of this character islaid lengthwise the grain of the paper a peculiarly strong threadmaterial is provided. The further steps in the practice of my improvedmethod for making my improved product are identical, irrespective ofwhat means or method is used in securing the fleece and paper together.The duplex web is then divided into strips, preferably lengthwise saidweb, by cutting or other suitable means and in Figs. 3 and 4: are showncross sections of such strips made in accordance with the primary stepsof Figs.

1 and 2 respectively. I then twist said strips into threads by any of avariety of well-known means, not shown, or by hand, and so that thefleece portion forms a complete acket or covering for said thread and sothat within both paper and fleece are twisted together, the severalcross-sectional convolutions mutually enwrapping, fortifying andsustaining each other. This is clearly illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6wherein the interior arrangement of cross-sectional convolutions differfrom each other at random but wherein both are fully jacketed with fiberfleece.

The cross sections of Figs. 5 and 6 are in accordance with the primarysteps of Figs. 1 and 2 respectively. In addition to the usual twistingof the strips of Figs. 3 and 4 to form threads I sometimes find itdesirable to rub orcondense the twisted thread, thereby reducing itsbulk and increasing the intimacy of the union of its cross sectlonalconvolutions and thereby evening and smoothing the fleece coveringthereof. The threads may be dyed, finished or otherwise treated eitherbefore'or after weaving.

eeaooe In Fig. 81 have shown a portion of fabric woven of my improvedthreads wherein the threads are spaced relatively far apart both in thewarp and filling and even though so spaced a relatively close and tightfabric is produced because of the fiber covering of my improved thread.

By the term securing to one face as herein used is meant the attachingto the surface thereof as by glue, sizing or other adhesive or theembedding in or intermingling of the fibers of said fleece with thepaper pulp.

By the term fleece as herein used is meant a thin layer of fiber suchfor instance as is delivered by the doifer comb of a carding machine.

I claim:

1. The process of forming a thread including in combination, thesecuring to one face of a web of paper, a fleece, dividing the duplexweb thus formed into. strips and twisting said strips with the fleeceface entirely surrounding the thread.

2. The process of forming a thread including in combination, thesecuring to one face of a web of paper, a fleece, having its fibers laidlengthwise said web, dividing the duplex web into lengthwise strips,twisting said strips with the fleece face entirely surrounding thethread.

4. A thread including in combination, a

strip of paper and a strip of fleece, said fleece being secured to oneface of said paper, the duplex strip thus formed being twisted with boththe paper face and a portion of the fleece face inside and with thefleece face entirely surrounding the thread.

5. A thread including in combination, a strip of paper and a strip offleece, said strip of fleece having its fibers laid lengthwise thereof,said fleece being secured to one face of said paper, the duplex stripthus formed being twisted with both the paper face and a portion of thefleece the fleece face entirely surrounding the thread.

Signed by me at Plauen, Saxony, Ger-' many this 28th day of October1909.

HERMAN: GLficK, ROBERT HEINRICH NIER.

face inside and, with-

